In some versions, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the block, and the headsman had to pin her down. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. Ursula Pole, married Henry Stafford, whose title and lands were lost when his father was executed for treason and attainted, restored to a Stafford title under Edward VI. One of her children, Reginald Pole, would go on to become a cardinal, and then . It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. Mores eldest daughter Margaret would become the first non-royal Englishwoman to publish a work in translation. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. The National Archives, minsters' accounts, SC6/HENVIII. It gave the king pause, and More was allowed to return home. His personal life remained placid and content. Its influence upon William Shakespeares Richard III is immense. If my head should win him a castle in France, he told his son-in-law in 1525, it should not fail to go.). She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". Cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury.Pole was a younger son of Margaret, countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, duke of Clarence: he was therefore of the blood royal and his mother was governess and companion of Princess Mary.Intended from the beginning for the church, he spent 1521-7 on the continent in study. [23] Her remains were later uncovered when the chapel was renovated in 1876.[24][25]. However, we should not assume that Mortons politics had any profound impact upon More. She was more likely arrested simply because of her maternal connection to Henry and Reginald, her sons, and perhaps the symbolism of her family heritage, the last of the Plantagenets. But Reginald, it seemed, always got a tip-off. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. Answer (1 of 6): Anne Boleyn's death would have been instant and painless - to the extent that we can guess, anyway. My faithfulness stands fast and so, Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. (Along with Margaret her sister-in-law Eleanor Pole was also a lady-in-waiting to Katherine. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. Read anywhere with the London Review of Books app, available now from the App Store for Apple devices, Google Play for Android devices and Amazon for your Kindle Fire. Pole, niece of both Edward IV and Richard III, was the only woman apart from Anne Boleyn to hold a peerage in her own right during the . He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. It was Mores impassioned speeches against this large and unjust burden that made the king reduce it by more than two thirds. [2] His heir was his son Thomas. He sent envoys. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . And the king was not pleased with the young lawyer; he promptly imprisoned Mores father in the Tower until he paid a substantial fine. Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). Mores only communication with Barton had been to warn her against meddling in affairs of state. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. Get the best results here. He was a brilliant scholar of the Renaissance who died rather than betray the Catholic church. Thomas More: A very brief history June 29, 2017; Henry VIII's Westminster Tournament 1511 June 5, 2017; In an effort to force their co-operation, Henry separated his wife and child, and Margaret who was Marys godmother offered to serve the young girl at her own expense. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) In 1536, Pole sent Henry a treatise which not only opposed Henrys grounds for divorce that he had married his brothers wife and thus the marriage was invalid but also opposing Henrys more recent assertion of Royal Supremacy, power in the church in England above that of Rome. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. Or was there, as she claimed, nothing worth burning? Stoke was a decisive victory. Margaret was stripped of her titles and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . This conviction meant they lost their titles and their landsmostly in the South of England--conveniently located to assist any invasion. Edward IV died in 1483 when Margaret was ten. Under the reign of Henry VIII on May 27th 1541, at the age of 67, Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was executed for treason. The next year, the late king's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his children illegitimate. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. And the king did not force the issue. Because of this, she becomes an unprovoked target for the King's anger. It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. I am no traitor, no, not I! Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. More was thus in his early thirties, successful, happily married, when the tax collectors Dudley and Empson were beheaded on Tower Hill at the command of the new king, Henry VIII. Margaret Pole ended up becoming a Catholic martyr. Thomas came from wealthy families, from trade (his father was a wealthy baker) and the law. Name: Thomas More. Erasmus mourned his friend and wrote that Mores soul was more pure than snow and his genius was such that England never had and never again will have its like. More was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1886, and canonized by Pius XI in 1935. And why such an obvious and clumsy admission? If he had trusted her once, he no longer did so. Chapuys also communicated with Reginald through his brother, Geoffrey. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. Margaret, wife of Sir William Harington. Henry needed a son and heir. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. With Margarets female peers, there is a gap between what they say and what they do, what they are and what they appear to be. There was a new king, a handsome, athletic young man who had once been destined for the church. In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. The eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, Margaret was the sister of Henry VIII. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. Perhaps his earlier justification for the annulment had been a matter of self-interest, a selective interpretation of opaque text. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. It did not matter. It was children who caused him a problem. [15][16], On the morning of 28 May 1541, Margaret was told she was to die within the hour. Afterwards, he made a botched suicide attempt. Edward IV declared that Margaret's younger brother, Edward, should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. Managed all schedules for company and . After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. After she had redeemed her dead brothers lands from the crown, she owned property in Calais, and estates in Wales and 17 English counties. She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. It proved to be another happy marriage, though Mores friends remarked upon Alices sharp tongue and occasionally brusque ways. Mores letters indicate that he was not particularly keen to enter royal service. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. A Professional theme for architects, construction and interior designers She was an apt enough pupil to later converse with visitors in Latin. In Utopia, he identified himself as a citizen of London, and it was in London that he was born on 7 February 1477, the only surviving son of John More and his first wife, Agnes Graunger. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. Columbus, Ohio Area. The queen had suffered a series of miscarriages throughout their marriage; their only surviving child was the Princess Mary. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. Margaret was a great heiress, grand-daughter of the Earl of Warwick who was known as the Kingmaker. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. It was not so much a letter as a small book. Her mother died after giving birth to a fourth child; that brother died ten days after their mother. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. [2] As one of the few members of the House of Plantagenet to have survived the Wars of the Roses, she was executed in 1541 at the command of King Henry VIII, the second monarch of the House of Tudor, who was the son of her first cousin, Elizabeth of York. (2020, August 26). Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. His natural piety was at odds with other courtiers, all of whom jockeyed ceaselessly for the kings favor. It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . Investigating An Anemometer. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. Reginald was present at the treaty negotiations. Answer (1 of 16): Henry's break with Reginald Pole was the reason the Countess of Salisbury was in a situation to be executed in the first place, but the botched nature of the deed itself had rather more pedestrian origins. In 1539, Reginald was sent to the Emperor to organize an embargo against Englandthe sort of countermeasure he had himself warned Henry was possible.[14]. Arthur Pole suffered a setback when his patron Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was convicted of treason in 1521, but he was soon restored to favour. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. Edward was then brought out and displayed briefly to the public. Both Sir Thomas More and Margaret Pole were devout Catholics, dedicated to their faith and their country. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. 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