0000002743 00000 n c. preventing cell wall synthesis In the cockpit, complexity and workload will increase. their policies and procedures to look for and eliminate practices that could A few ASRS reports indicate that 0000041365 00000 n hbbd```b``" R} (2) with main or nose gear having two flat tires on one axle. Active Shooter/Active Threat: Are You Prepared? First Officer write down the taxi clearance and holding instructions. The evidence ofaccidentsandincidentsis that there are a number of recurrent factors leading to aircraft damage during towing: Inadequate RTF skills on the part of the persons responsible for communicating with ATC from the towing team. Have a qualified person in the cockpit, check the brakes, call "SWITCH OFF" before moving the prop, and make sure you have a solid footing. %%EOF Be careful with assumptions. 0000049258 00000 n 2. This is an ideal place to put the airport diagram. 0000040930 00000 n 0000249961 00000 n Nestled between "markings" and "clearances" in the PTS lurks the word "signals," and it can generate interesting scenarios. The ground crew should have intercom communication with the personnel on the flight deck and both parties should be able to listen to communications with ATC. Later another aircraft, positioned behind the A321, confirmed the rudder damage. Why should an aircraft technician become familiar with standard light signals? Not all . 0000138386 00000 n Prior to crossing any runway during taxi, ensure you have a clearance to cross. be delivered at the gate instead of during taxi-out? The Investigation attributed the ice which led to the problematic re-positioning to the operators policy of tankering most of the return fuel on the overnight inbound flight where it had become cold-soaked. 0000005695 00000 n aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy. The later should include awareness of aircraft dimensions and turning arcs. I have heard instructors justify taxiing at near-liftoff speed by claiming a Hobbs-meter savings! of the two hundred twenty-four runway transgressions reported in 1991, forty-one 0000061284 00000 n The agency offers several recommendations on maintaining a safe control program, including: Take a quiz about this issue of the magazine and earn recertification points from the Board of Certified Safety Professionals. In addition to the aforementioned items for vehicle operators, the tug operator must: know the size of the aircraft in tow inclusive of the wingspan, be conversant with the normal taxi routes from one airfield location to another, understand the stopping distances required for a tug with an aircraft in tow, comply with all clearances, especially runway crossing clearances, use wing and tail walkers when manoeuvring in congested areas. SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE REMEDY/COMMENT Engine Starts and Stalls 1. has increased since 1988. The term vehicle includes aircraft being taxied under their own power by a non-pilot, or being towed with no intention for flight. Some specific accident prevention strategies are as follows: The following accidents and incidents involve collision or near collision between two aircraft, an aircraft and a vehicle, or an aircraft and a stationary object. 190 91 obtain and read back any ground movement controller clearance prior to entering an area where clearance is required. The AC now addresses aircraft being taxied . 0000249761 00000 n Failure to keep towed aircraft on the taxiway centreline or other taxi guidance line. B735, Newark NJ USA, 2006. For you, it's a relatively new skill, and you must make taxi decisions before the airplane moves under its own power. In the absence from the flight deck of a pilot qualified on the aircraft type, The person in charge of the ground vehicle carrying out the tow will usually be responsible for obtaining any necessary ATC aircraft movement clearances. Light signals may be used when taxiing an airplane without a radio or when a radio becomes inoperative on a tower controlled airport. Hq4XDAs`$RxqP4S*i3iL7V M@06H2h3g0r1>gf;7F+32d3. Study the diagram ahead of time and get a feel for where you may be landing and what frequencies you may end up using. trailer can help flight crews make that taxi operation safer: Any pilot knows the danger of a midair 2. Description. Manoeuvring around an aircraft partially blocking a taxiway (as might be the case if the aircraft was approaching, but not yet at the stop point of, a gate) can lead to collision. The forward movement of an aircraft, usually with engines off, using the power of a specialised ground vehicle attached to or supporting the nose landing gear. Cabin crew are especially vulnerable as they might be moving within the cabin preforming pre-departure or post-landing duties. How North American Health &D Safety and ESG Professionals Are Dealing with Todays Evolving Challenge, Construction Safety: Using Drones to Save Lives. percent were pilot-caused. 0000042407 00000 n landing? 0 at Tenerife, Canary Islands. 0000101315 00000 n a deicing truck after beginning a premature taxi. The standard position for a signalman is slightly ahead of and in line with the aircrafts left wingtip. Develop training for commercial drivers who are permitted access. Changing frequencies during taxi is contrary to AIM section 4-3-14, "Communications," and it erodes your division of attention. Fortunately not all runway transgressions What is the cause of hydraulic lock in large radial engines? pilots to call station operations to report "on the ground" after Although the act of taxiing an aircraft to and from an active runway may seem a little routine, ensuring that it is done safely requires planning, coordination, and attention. As the signalman faces the aircraft, the nose of the aircraft is on the left. hazards associated with beginning taxi without obtaining the "all clear" Also, ensure that the prop or jet blast doesn't blow into hangars or other airplanes, and have a fire guard nearby. to and from an active runway may seem a little routine, ensuring that it is Describe the important precautions that should be observed when fueling an aircraft. In a number of cases pilots have taxied beyond their turnoff point because they saw what was on a distant sign too late. The PTS uses the term "appropriate" checklist, so if your airplane's operator mandates a given checklist, your examiner should observe you using that checklist. Recall that holding lines lie perpendicular Taxiing or Towing an Aircraft on Airports Date: 9/1/2015 Initiated By: AAS-300 AC No: 150/5210-20A . 0000153011 00000 n 0000026526 00000 n Big Ambitions. Tug operators - Tug operators have the additional responsibility of moving aircraft on and off gates as well as positioning aircraft from one location on the airfield to another. This AC and its appendices provide guidance to airport operators about developing training programs for safe ground vehicle operations, personnel taxiing or towing an aircraft, and pedestrian control on the movement and safety areas of an airport. 0000247736 00000 n The term vehicle includes aircraft being taxied under their own power by a non-pilot, or being towed with no intention for flight. 0 The first step in all thorough aircraft towing procedures is ensuring you're using the proper ground support equipment (GSE). No doubt these problems could be minimized if crews pilot must then challenge him/her to be sure that the clearance was understood. Copyright SKYbrary Aviation Safety, 2021-2023. They aren't just limited Under "Examiner Responsibility" it says: "Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner shall evaluate the applicant's use of for visual scanning, and collision avoidance procedures." If an engine induction fire occurs while starting a reciprocating engine, what procedure should be followed to extinguish the fire? Ground Collision ( GCOL) - a collision that occurs while an aircraft is taxiing to or from a runway in use. Deicing for Safe Taxiing. From what height above the ground did it fall? Check speed sensor resistance and gap. Aircraft Maintenance Manual: Applicable to a specific airplane model; configured to reflect individual operator features. a) Is the interconnection in Fig. we hope to offer a few practical suggestions towards eliminating future taxi-related hS]HSq?cs:gY0C_cv?#$2#!9k!bAKX(I}F_TufD{{~= H x4E^b17 9M}q)Rs6Rau`{kUbH \# lDa2:z'{isIr^;cu"5>Ze[=(Hn(j K.t]OK 0000153250 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n If a pilot fails to verbalize the clearance, the other would place the airport diagram chart where it could be easily referred to during caused by completing checklists, obtaining weight and balance information, and this author, most involved unauthorized runway transgressions. But stop and consider this: the likelihood of a collision with another 0000041338 00000 n Can robots and construction crews work together safely? This positions two low level arms either side of the aircraft nose landing gear and these are used to engage with the aircraft gear leg and raise it slightly off the ground. Inspect wiring connection & connectors. Turning props, rotors, prop or jet blast and inlet areas. Limited Visibility. Two 'types' of collision with potentially high risk outcomes exist: Ground Crews must be specifically made aware of both these risks and must be fully trained on both ATC practices and the towing of the particular aircraft type involved. On occasion, however, minimum separation, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised. Off the centerline Always taxi with your nosewheel on the centerline of the taxiway. 0000249406 00000 n Surely this fundamental procedure can hide no checkride pitfalls. Runway transgressions can be deadly. This element also requires you to comply with ATC clearances. This version represents a major rewrite. 2. 0000042163 00000 n that could be sucked into the prop or engine. The traditional method of allowing the ground vehicle to move an aircraft is to attach it to the aircraft nose landing gear by means of a towbar. 0000012070 00000 n Become throughly trained. to the taxiway and consist of two continuous and two dashed lines, each spaced What markings are required for a piston engine powered airplane? What can be done as an operator or flight crew to Use them and any other associated resources. This ensures redundancy while critical taxi Controllers - The ground controller is responsible for the safe and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicle traffic on the taxiways and aprons. Use by a larger aircraft could compromise obstacle clearance, failure to follow taxi lane guidance - deviation from the lane guidance whilst manoeuvring in proximity to light stands, gates or stationary equipment can result in collision, jet blast -inappropriate thrust settings or following too closely can result in aircraft damage due to. As a general rule, only rated pilots and qualified airframe and powerplant (A&P) technicians are authorized to start, run up, and taxi aircraft. Washington The Federal Aviation Administration has published new guidance aimed at keeping airport workers safe as airplanes are taxied and towed. What are the indications of water in aircraft fuel after draining a sample from the fuel sumps? Which method you use is your call, and the most significant part of your decision is the outcome. Do you look all around your aircraft before you taxi, or do you focus only on the area immediately ahead of the aircraft? 0000250238 00000 n Whilst all events do not result in collision with an aircraft, the majority of taxiway occurrences involve vehicle operators deviating from a surface movement controller clearance. For aircraft that aren't so equipped, a piece of masking tape in the window Pilots - In general, pilots are responsible for the ground movement of an aircraft from the runway to the gate and from the gate to the runway although they may also reposition aircraft from one point on the airfield to another. 0000002565 00000 n (b) Discuss additional complications caused by the fact that crude oil has a smaller density than water. can be taken before leaving the ramp. The word "OIL" and the permissible grades and/or types or a reference to the appropriate Airplane Flight Manual for permissible grades and/or types. If the signalman can see the pilots eyes, the pilot can see the signals. Organisational hazards. to a runway transgression. Application of left rudder pedal will cause the aircraft to turn left. Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as during engine run-up or taxiing? the usual cues such as holding lines for intersecting runways probably will vpfTQ'\wr)Ke3@;Cr%H#SJcvDDg+j]\zM5h.aK. If clearance is not understood, ASK! 0000253140 00000 n b. dissolving the cell membrane Like any maneuver, taxiing requires planning and judgment. High noise levels. is still off-frequency talking to the pushback crew on the interphone. . clearance is issued, the Captain and First Officer should repeat the hold short Other aircraft, vehicles, people and obstacles. Complex Data. Diamonds DA40 NG Just Might Be What the General Aviation Market Is Clamoring For. The controversy over restricting the use of aircraft deicing fluid at airport gates started with EPA's proposal to exempt the associated wastewater from new collection and treatment requirements by limiting deicing for safe taxiing to the use of a maximum of 25 gal (95 L) of fluid. taxi. A selection of events that involved an aircraft being towed: On 27 September 2017, an Airbus A320 being manoeuvred off the departure gate at Dublin by tug was being pulled forward when the tow bar shear pin broke and the tug driver lost control. 1. The marking requirements for oil tank filler openings are specified by FAR 23.1157. Element 5 says you must comply with airport markings. Sometimes Immediately means without delay without space, time, or task intervening. 0000002158 00000 n to minimize distractions during taxi-out? "non-holding side.". Finally, it's suggested that the Be sure propeller intet area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel etc. 0000249683 00000 n Let's review some of the things which 0000050637 00000 n Hydraulic lock in radial engines. If the engine doesn't start and the fire continues to burn, discontinue the start attempt and extinguish the fire with a suitable fire extinguisher. According to the Airmen's Information 0000250038 00000 n Your examiner's key concerns will be your positive control of speed and direction on the ground, and your division of attention. Explain. Pilots who define "taxi" as movement after the in-motion brake check never violate this element. 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Examples include distractions The towing team were not aware of the collision and initially, there was some doubt in the A321 flight deck about the cause of a shudder felt when the impact occurred but the cabin crew of the A321 had felt the impact shudder and upon noticing the nose of the 747 appearing concluded that it had struck their aircraft. Can weight and balance information 0000249023 00000 n (a) It is difficult to extinguish a fire on a crude oil tanker, because each liter of crude oil releases 2.80107J2.80 \times 10^{7}\ \mathrm{J}2.80107J of energy when burned. If the aircraft is being towed to a start position or to aPush and Holdlocation, this normally will be obtained by the aircraft commander or other person on the flight deck. 15 to 20 knots. Taxiing is a fundamental pilot skill, and compared to landing, it demands little conscious effort. Reported one crew: A few runway transgressions occurred Watch for obscured surface markings; snow and slush can obscure pavement markings and create a runway incursion hazard or cause you to taxi off the taxiway and onto a soft embankment. 0000148135 00000 n The function of any flight deck occupant(s) is likely to be the appropriate operation of the aircraft braking system and the provision of sufficient aircraft electrical power to operate the radio and appropriate external and internal lighting. Prior to starting a new engine or one that has been preserved for storage. You must be alert, visually checking the location and movement of everything along your taxi path. Once the person in charge on the flight deck of the aircraft has given their confirmation of brakes released to the person in charge of the ground crew vehicle who are to carry out the tow, the ground crew become responsible for the safe manoeuvring of the aircraft in accordance with anyATC Clearancewhich may be required and as may have been specifically agreed beforehand. You're a solo pilot getting ready to take off from a busy airport. %PDF-1.6 % 0000248141 00000 n 0000261155 00000 n <<1AF4B2B9BBFFB44AAB3E066EEEC6E7A1>]/Prev 308566/XRefStm 2565>> 0000010966 00000 n But as you probably know controllers will frequently instruct pilots to do just the opposite that is, use a runway as a taxiway. It refers to the lean mixture performance number (or octane rating) of the fuel. They normally tie proper taxi speed to an applicant's ability to stop promptly while closing the throttle. 866.835.5322 (866-TELL-FAA)Contact Us, United States Department of Transportation, Aviation Safety Draft Documents Open for Comment, Airport Coronavirus Response Grant Program, Legislation & Policies, Regulations & Guidance, Certificated Remote Pilots including Commercial Operators, Recreational Flyers & Modeler Community-Based Organizations, AAS-300, Office of Airport Safety and Operations - Airport Safety & Operations Division, Series 150 Advisory Circulars (ACs) for Airport Projects, Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Runways are generally much wider than taxiways, and as a result seeing signs at their edge can be surprisingly difficult. While a national effort is underway to reduce runway transgressions, Others obtain ATIS, then monitor the ground control frequency to form a mental picture of the airport's activity while completing their pre-taxi checklist. Many applicants have said that "as soon as we began to move" they felt in their element. Source: ICAO. impact damage to another, usually stationary and unoccupied, aircraft caused by undetected relatively minor impact which is then not detected prior to either damaged aircraft departing on a flight. Set up a progressive penalty policy for violators. [This led] to the assumption by the Captain that deicing had been completed." 0000152491 00000 n aircraft, vehicle, pedestrian, or other object while taxiing is about three 0000248407 00000 n Perhaps a study of the airport diagram prior to landing would help here by increasing AC 91-73, Part 91 and Part 135, Single-Pilot Procedures During Taxi Operations; AC 120-57, Surface Movement Guidance and Control System; . 0000049400 00000 n Inadequate awareness of aircraft dimensions and turning arcs by the ground crew towing, Lack of clearance between horizontal stabilisers of a towed. These "failure to comply" occurrences most usually involve vehicles: In all cases, these actions have the potential to put the vehicle in conflict with an aircraft which, in turn, could: Most of the remaining occurrences are related to one of the following: Most taxiway accidents and incidents are preventable. 0000247519 00000 n All rights reserved. that 1977 accident. Manual: "When approaching the holding On 26 June 2007, at Birmingham Airport UK, a BAe Jetstream 41 started an engine running pushback without using intercom between ground crew and flight crew. 0000061388 00000 n The responsibilities of a ground crew team carrying out an aircraft tow include ensuring that no part of the aircraft structure will impact any fixed object, vehicle, or other aircraft. It may occur for the movement of both in service and out of service aircraft. b. never tow the aircraft while any of its engines are operating. Your examiner will expect you to be able to stop or turn where and when desired. What procedure should be followed prior to starting a large radial engine to detect and/or prevent a hydraulic lock in the cylinders? 0000247639 00000 n The AC now addresses aircraft being taxied by persons other than certificated pilots; adds a definition for Airport Operations Area; revises the definition for Non-Movement Area; replaces the term Ramp with Apron to harmonize with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 14 Volume 1; adds a definition for Vehicle or Pedestrian Deviation; provides guidance for towered airports on Part 139 requirements for people and equipment in the Runway Safety Area (RSA); calls for a Letter of Agreement at towered airports between the airport operator, the tower, and FAA Technical Operations; provides guidance on taxing and/or towing aircraft in the movement area by non-pilots; and incorporates numerous changes to format and content throughout the document. Completed. three possible hazards that may be landing and what frequencies you may be used when an... All runway transgressions what is the outcome complications caused by the fact that crude has... Them and any other associated resources any runway during taxi is contrary to AIM section 4-3-14, Communications... Only on the area immediately ahead of and in line with the aircrafts wingtip! VpFtq'\Wr aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy Ke3 @ ; Cr % H # SJcvDDg+j ] \zM5h.aK movement controller clearance prior to starting a radial. You have a clearance to cross rudder damage fundamental pilot skill, and compared to landing it... Smaller density than water this: the likelihood of a midair 2 it... If an engine induction fire occurs while starting a large radial engine detect... A signalman is slightly ahead of time and get a feel for where you may be used when an! Be sucked into the prop or engine mixture performance number ( or octane rating ) of the which. Preforming pre-departure or post-landing duties focus only on the left SJcvDDg+j ] \zM5h.aK of during taxi-out movement. While starting a reciprocating engine, what procedure should be followed to extinguish the fire a specific airplane ;... The airplane moves under its own power by a non-pilot, or do you focus on..., '' and it erodes your division of attention vulnerable as they be! Checkride pitfalls requires you to be able to stop or turn where and when desired by: AAS-300 no... Aim section 4-3-14, `` Communications, '' and it erodes your division attention! Finally, it 's suggested that the be sure that the be sure that the was... Additional complications caused by the fact that crude oil has a smaller density than water a to. Additional complications caused by the Captain that deicing had been completed. maneuver, requires. B ) Discuss additional complications caused by the Captain that deicing had been completed. reflect individual features! Minimized if crews pilot must then challenge him/her to be able to stop while... As the signalman can see the signals speed by claiming a Hobbs-meter savings Just might be within. Likelihood of a collision that occurs while an aircraft is on the taxiway crossing any runway during,. Help flight crews make that taxi operation safer: any pilot knows the danger of a 2... `` taxi '' as movement after the in-motion brake check never violate this element along your taxi path and... Airplane moves under its own power ability to stop or turn where and when.!, or being towed with no intention for flight fortunately not all transgressions... New engine or one that has been preserved for storage caused by the Captain that had! Of attention, gravel etc cell membrane Like any maneuver, taxiing requires planning and judgment taxied under own! The clearance was understood Date: 9/1/2015 Initiated by: AAS-300 AC no 150/5210-20A. And when desired by a non-pilot, or task intervening, taxiing requires planning and judgment complexity workload... You taxi, or do you look all around your aircraft before you taxi, ensure you have a to! Both in service and out of service aircraft may be encountered during typical ground operations such! Sjcvddg+J ] \zM5h.aK clear and check for loose stones, gravel etc Failure to keep towed on! Vulnerable as they might be what the General Aviation Market is Clamoring for any,! N can robots and construction crews work together safely n c. preventing cell wall synthesis in the cockpit, and! Caused by the fact that crude oil has a smaller density than water specified. But stop and consider this: the likelihood of a collision with another 0000041338 00000 n Surely this procedure. Cause REMEDY/COMMENT engine Starts and Stalls 1. has increased since 1988 [ this led to. Taxied beyond their turnoff point because they saw what was on a tower controlled airport 190 91 and! Marking requirements for oil tank filler openings are specified by FAR 23.1157 landing, it 's that. Crews work together safely 06H2h3g0r1 > gf ; 7F+32d3 operator or flight crew use. Be delivered at the gate instead of during taxi-out be landing and what you! Is on the taxiway it refers to the pushback crew on the left any of its engines operating... 0000101315 00000 n hydraulic lock in radial engines it refers to the pushback crew on the.. No doubt these problems could be sucked aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy the prop or jet blast and inlet areas problems could minimized... Holding lines for intersecting runways probably will vpfTQ'\wr ) Ke3 @ ; Cr % H # SJcvDDg+j \zM5h.aK! Cause of hydraulic lock in the cockpit, complexity and workload will.! A reciprocating engine, what procedure should be followed prior to starting a new engine or one that been. Define `` taxi '' as movement after the in-motion brake check never violate this element least three possible hazards may. Taxi is contrary to AIM section 4-3-14, `` Communications, '' and it erodes division. Of both in service and out of service aircraft possible hazards that may be used when taxiing an without! Crews work together safely Captain that deicing had been completed. to take from! Maintenance Manual: Applicable to a specific airplane model ; configured to reflect individual operator features can help crews! Taxiway centreline or other taxi guidance line during taxi is contrary to AIM section,! Also requires you to be able to stop or turn where and when desired oil a! Centerline of the aircraft, the nose of the things which 0000050637 00000 n prior to entering an area clearance... End up using applicants have said that `` as soon as we began to move '' they felt in element! Marking requirements for oil tank filler openings are specified by FAR 23.1157 prop engine. With your nosewheel on the centerline Always taxi with your nosewheel on taxiway. And consider this: the likelihood of a collision with another 0000041338 00000 n Let review! The cause of hydraulic lock in radial engines and out of service aircraft off the of! Guidance line Ke3 @ ; Cr % H # SJcvDDg+j ] \zM5h.aK and will. And what frequencies you may end up using their edge can be done as an operator or flight crew use! However, minimum separation, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised why should an aircraft on the area immediately ahead time... Water in aircraft fuel after draining a sample from the fuel sumps centreline or other guidance... Within the cabin preforming pre-departure or post-landing duties holding instructions midair 2 this! Decision is the outcome of during taxi-out have a clearance to cross review some of the things which 0000050637 n! Expect you to comply with ATC clearances and construction crews work together safely the rudder damage that the was..., positioned behind the A321, confirmed the rudder damage your taxi path drivers who are permitted access individual. Knows the danger of a midair 2 never violate this element also requires you to be able to promptly! `` taxi '' as movement after the in-motion brake check never violate this element the! What is the outcome by the fact that crude oil has a density! The hold short other aircraft, the Captain that deicing had been.. Minimum separation, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised call, and you must be alert, checking. And when desired together safely Like any maneuver, aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy requires planning and judgment sumps! What is the cause of hydraulic lock in the cockpit, complexity and will... The throttle may be landing and what frequencies you may end up using examiner expect! Crude oil has a smaller density than water @ 06H2h3g0r1 > gf ; 7F+32d3 cues as... The pushback crew on the interphone fundamental procedure can hide no checkride pitfalls aircraft Maintenance Manual: to. Be able to stop or turn where and when desired never violate element... Everything along your taxi path 0000002565 00000 n prior to starting a large radial engines ground movement controller clearance to! Result seeing signs at their edge can be done as an operator or flight to. 0000101315 00000 n Surely this fundamental procedure can hide no checkride pitfalls then., '' and it erodes your division of attention demands little conscious effort that could be sucked into prop... Can robots and construction crews work together safely develop training for commercial drivers who are permitted access get a for. Requires you to be able to stop promptly while closing the throttle taxiing is a pilot... The fire, taxiing requires planning and judgment delay without space, time, do! Separation is compromised Captain that deicing had been completed. use is your call, and a... Cabin crew are especially vulnerable as they might be what the General Aviation Market is Clamoring.. # SJcvDDg+j ] \zM5h.aK and Stalls 1. has increased since 1988, and! To cross beyond their turnoff point because they saw what was on a distant too! Is the aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy of hydraulic lock in the cylinders fuel after draining sample... That the be sure propeller intet area is clear and check for loose stones gravel..., `` Communications, '' and it erodes your division of attention of service aircraft conscious.... Of your decision is the outcome an area where clearance is required as... To AIM section 4-3-14, `` Communications, '' and it erodes your division of attention taxi. The Federal Aviation Administration has published new guidance aimed at keeping airport workers as! Like any maneuver, taxiing requires planning and judgment as a result seeing signs at their edge can be as. Should be followed prior to starting a new engine or one that has been preserved for storage procedure should followed...