Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. a. %%EOF Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Answers may vary. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. II. View details . Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. 2. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Resume watching the video until The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Key Concepts. Introduction This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. 2 In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. %PDF-1.5 % The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. 0 This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. 6. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. 7. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. endstream endobj startxref More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. 0 As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Discover world-changing science. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Video Activity 7. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. endstream endobj startxref As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Most African . Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? iU This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. PART 2: Video Activity . In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. hb```lJB This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Data on tuskless elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions the! Shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is 8 % per year primarily. 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