Introduction. 5. In The Book of Deadly Names, purportedly translated from Arabic manuscripts found hidden in a building in Spain, the "King of the Jinn" Fiqitush brings 72 jinn before King Solomon to confess their corruptions and places of residence. Philip identified the warrior-king David with his own father Charles V, and himself sought to emulate the thoughtful and logical character which he perceived in Solomon. Some Biblical minimalists like Thomas L. Thompson go further, arguing that Jerusalem became a city and capable of being a state capital only in the mid-7th century. [93], Solomon's gifts are often used allegorical in popular literature. Solomon penned much of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes and may be the key subject of Song of Solomon. 1. Upon Solomon's death, his son, Rehoboam, succeeded him, but ten of the Tribes of Israel refused him as king, splitting the monarchy into the northern Kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam, while Rehoboam continued to reign over the much smaller southern Kingdom of Judah. Dever states "that we now have direct Bronze and Iron Age parallels for every feature of the 'Solomonic temple' as described in the Hebrew Bible". Some of Solomon's most famous achievements were his building projects, particularly the temple in Jerusalem. The metals from Tarshish were reportedly obtained by Solomon in partnership with King Hiram of Phoenician Tyre (Isaiah 23) and the fleets of Tarshish and ships that sailed in their service. But, he didnt do it. And the Lord was angry with Solomon, because his heart had turned away from the Lord, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice and had commanded him concerning this thing, that he should not go after other gods. Character Studies E-book If you found these character studies helpful, get ourCharacter Studies E-book, with 8 practical lessons on important Bible heroes of the faith. And they learned what would harm them and not benefit them. It was often depicted in the shape of either a pentagram or a hexagram. The Shulammite woman, or Shulammite maiden, is the bride of Solomon who features in the Song of Songs. However, according to rabbinical accounts, Necho did not know how the mechanism worked and so accidentally struck himself with one of the lions causing him to become lame; Nebuchadnezzar, into whose possession the throne subsequently came, shared a similar fate. She is most likely called the Shulammite because she came from an unidentified place . A well-known story in the collection One Thousand and One Nights describes a genie who had displeased King Solomon and was punished by being locked in a bottle and thrown into the sea. The concealed Asmodeus tells travelers who have ventured up to King Solomon's grand lofty palace that the Seal of Solomon was thrown into the sea. [4][5] He is described as having been the penultimate ruler of an amalgamated Israel and Judah. [48], As with most biblical personages in the middle era of Israelite society, the historicity of Solomon is hotly debated. Solomon humbly acknowledged his inability to rule well and unselfishly asked God for the wisdom he would need to rule God's people justly. Pleased, God personally answered Solomon's prayer, promising him great wisdom because he did not ask for self-serving rewards like long life or the death of his enemies. When and where he lived:He reigned from approximately 971-931 B.C. [42], Jewish scribes say that Solomon's teacher was Shimei (son of Gera), and while he lived, he prevented Solomon from marrying foreign wives. The young woman was very beautiful, and she was of service to the king and attended to him, but the king knew her not."[22]. A strong start in the Christian life doesnt guarantee a strong finish. Drifting away from God is a process. Perhaps the best known story of his wisdom is the Judgment of Solomon; two women each lay claim to being the mother of the same child. Mixing elements of pagan worship with true worship of God would only lead Israel down the road into idolatry. However, we may leave Him. 4. Application: Whether or not we ever get rich, the lesson for us is to give of the best we have to the Lord. Jesus refers to Solomon, using him for comparison in his admonition against worrying about life. Unlike in the Bible, according to Muslim tradition, Solomon never participated in idolatry himself, but is rebuked for allowing it to happen in his kingdom.[87]. The hypothesized dates of Solomon's reign are 970931 BCE. Again and again God reminded Solomon to obey and to love Him as David did. 'Solomon, son of David'). The demons taking over Solomon's kingdom, is mirroring Sufistic concept of the mind giving in to evil urges. (Deuteronomy 17:17, 1 Kings 11:1-3) Not only did God command His people not to marry pagan women, He also commanded them not to marry many women. [27], Solomon was traditionally considered the author of several biblical books, "including not only the collections of Proverbs, but also of Ecclesiastes and the Song of Solomon and the later apocryphal book the Wisdom of Solomon."[28]. Salmon ( Hebrew: almn) or Salmah ( alm, Greek: ) is a person mentioned in genealogies in both the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) and in the New Testament . A person can grow prideful and give glory to himself, just like Nebuchadnezzar in the book of Daniel looked at his great gardens and praised himself for building them. God gave him wisdom and wealth besides ( 1 Kings 3:4-15; 10:27 ). In 1 Kings 6:11-13 God promised to be with them conditionally depending on their obedience. Great men and women from many nations came to hear him and test his understanding and knowledge. The Spiral Bible is now available! [32], According to the Bible, during Solomon's reign, Israel enjoyed great commercial prosperity, with extensive traffic being carried on by land with Tyre, Egypt, and Arabia, and by sea with Tarshish, Ophir, and South India.[33]. [97] Bahs see Solomon as a prophet who was sent by God to address the issues of his time. Grace of God be with you all. There would be many such cases of quarrels between the citizens of his country. So order me that I may be grateful for Thy favors, which Thou hast bestowed on me and on my parents, and that I may work the righteousness that will please Thee: and admit me, by Thy Grace, to the ranks of Thy righteous Servants.'" Solomon also constructed great water works for the city, and the Millo (Septuagint, Acra) for the defense of the city. [39] Scholarly consensus in this field holds that "Solomon's wives/women were introduced in the 'Josianic' (customarily Dtr) edition of Kings as a theological construct to blame the schism [between Judah and the Northern Kingdom of Israel] on his misdeeds".[39]. [15], Solomon was born in Jerusalem,[16] the second born child of David and his wife Bathsheba (widow of Uriah the Hittite). The Archaeology of Israelite Society in Iron Age II. King Solomon Solomon was the third king over Israel. We should look at Solomon and others who disobeyed Gods Word in the Bible as a reminder to take sin seriously and to obey all the commands of God. Knowing what is right doesnt equal doing what is right Solomon was given almost supernatural wisdom about what is right and what is wrong. They taught the people witchcraft and what was revealed in Babil (Arabic: , Babylon) to the two angels Harut and Marut. Above the candelabrum was a golden jar filled with olive oil and beneath it a golden basin which supplied the jar with oil and on which the names of Nadab, Abihu, and Eli and his two sons were engraved. (1 Kings 9:1-9) God is available. Notice with Solomon that God followed through that sin did have many negative effects. David's first child through her died seven days after being born as punishment for his adultery (2Samuel 12:14 - 23). 26), carried off the throne, which remained in Egypt until Sennacherib conquered that country. 3. Solomon is also described as rebuilding cities elsewhere in Israel, creating the port of Ezion-Geber, and constructing Palmyra in the wilderness as a commercial depot and military outpost. Moreover, the structure of the Escorial was inspired by that of Solomon's Temple. It is hard enough with a godly wife to encourage us. Solomon begins his reign well, and follows in his father's footsteps by demonstrating a great love for the Lord and offering many sacrifices to Him at Hebron. His marriage to Pharaoh's daughter appears to have cemented a political alliance with Egypt, whereas he clung to his other wives and concubines "in love". If Solomon could not handle the temptations associated with marrying an unbeliever, there is no way we can. But the Babylonians give him a new name: "Belteshazzar.". It is this reason why his name, which means peace, was chosen. Shalev-Eyni, Sarit. It is hard to be that rich and powerful without focusing on these things and starting to neglect God. His control over the demons, spirits, and animals augmented his splendor, the demons bringing him precious stones, besides water from distant countries to irrigate his exotic plants. [65], King Solomon sinned by acquiring many foreign wives and horses because he thought he knew the reason for the biblical prohibition and thought it did not apply to him. Here is a stat on how hard it is for pastors to finish their lives serving in ministry. A lot of times it boiled down to one persons word against another. Weaknesses King David committed adultery with Bathsheba. His feast day is celebrated on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the Great Feast of the Nativity of the Lord). As long as we do, He will take care of us, but there are also many conditional promises in the Bible. Possible evidence for the described wealth of Solomon and his kingdom was discovered in ancient silver hoards, which were found in Israel and Phoenicia and recognized for their importance in 2003. According to 1 Kings 11:3034 and 1 Kings 11:913, it was because of these sins that the Lord punished Solomon by removing most of the tribes of Israel from rule by Solomon's house.[43]. Solomon was a mixed character, like all the characters we've met so far. Leadership is a crucial aspect of society. The Bible is pretty clear that this was not what God intended or desired. Do not date or marry unbelievers. In a single year, according to 1 Kings 10:14, Solomon collected tribute amounting to 666 talents (18,125 kilograms) of gold. Solomon's execution of Shimei was his first descent into sin.[12]. [21], According to the First Book of Kings, when David was old, "he could not get warm". Solomon then sent the bird to request the queen's visit. The staunchly Catholic King Philip II of Spain sought to model himself after King Solomon. By Marty Solomon. [42] Some scholars and historians argue that the passages, such as his dedication prayer (1 Kings 8:1466), that describe Solomon's apparent initial devotion to Yahweh were written much later, after Jerusalem had become the religious centre of the kingdom, replacing locations such as Shiloh and Bethel. Solomon gradually lost more and more prestige until he became like a commoner. In the end, however, he is regarded as a righteous king and is especially praised for his diligence in building the Temple. Miserable is what they sold their souls for, if they only knew. An Ethiopian account from the 14th century (Kebra Nagast) maintains that the Queen of Sheba had sexual relations with King Solomon and gave birth beside the Mai Bella stream in the province of Hamasien, Eritrea. Solomon asked for wisdom in order to better rule and guide his people. They suggest that because of religious prejudice, the authors of the Bible suppressed the achievements of the Omrides (whom the Hebrew Bible describes as being polytheist), and instead pushed them back to a supposed golden age of Judaism and monotheists, and devotees of Yahweh. The wisest king of Israel, King Solomon, is associated with three books of the Bible: Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs. The promise was fulfilled. He showed great respect and praise for God. [55] However, no material evidence indisputably of Solomon's reign has been found. [11], The life of Solomon is primarily described in 2Samuel, 1Kings and 2Chronicles. After Sennacherib's fall Hezekiah gained possession of it, but when Josiah was slain by Pharaoh Necho, the latter took it away. Solomon, whose name means peace or peaceful, was the second child produced by King David and Bathsheba. This leads to a sense of hollowness. Solomon the King. Sheba is typically identified as Saba, a nation once spanning the Red Sea on the coasts of what are now Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia and Yemen, in Arabia Felix; although other sources place it in the area of what is now northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.[40][41]. Faust, Avraham. As wise as Solomon was, God was much wiser. [68] In particular, his archaeological research in regions near Jerusalem, like Sharon, finds commerce too great not to be supported by a polity and such regions probably were ruled loosely by Jerusalem. [69][70] Scholars like Lester Grabbe also believe that there must have been a ruler in Jerusalem during this period and that he likely built a temple, although the town was quite small. An elder brother of the eagle, 900 years old, was then found, but it also did not know the entrance. Help us continue to create Bible study resources by supporting Study and Obey for as little as $1. Solomon, as instructed by David, began his reign with an extensive purge, including his father's chief general, Joab, among others, and further consolidated his position by appointing friends throughout the administration, including in religious positions as well as in civic and military posts. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. [84][85], In Islamic tradition, Solomon is recognised as a prophet and a messenger of God, as well as a divinely appointed monarch, who ruled over the Kingdom of Israel. This complex included buildings referred to as: Solomon's throne is said to have been spectacularly opulent and possessed moving parts, making it one of the earliest mechanical devices in history. [citation needed] However, there is a lack of physical evidence of its existence, despite some archaeological work in the area. (1 Kings 11:9-40.) Rev." xi. The child was a son who became Menelik I, King of Axum, and founded a dynasty that would reign as the Jewish, then Christian, Empire of Ethiopia which lasted 2900 years until Haile Selassie was overthrown in 1974. God is so pleased with Solomon's answer that he gives him wisdom beyond measure as well as riches and honor. The Bible says Solomon built the First Temple in Jerusalem,[5] dedicating the temple to Yahweh, or God in Judaism. [18], The biblical narrative shows that Solomon served as a peace offering between God and David, due to his adulterous relationship with Bathsheba. This is one reason why Jesus said it is harder for a rich man to enter heaven than a camel through the eye of a needle. Solomon loved God, even as David did (except for sacrificing in high places, 1 Kings 3:3-4) This same refrain is used for many kings in Davids line, either that they did love God as David did, or that they didnt love God as David did or that they loved God as David did except sacrificing in the high places. Contents 1 Significance 2 Bibliography An independent woman ruling a fabulously wealthy Arabian or African kingdom to the south of Judah, this unnamed queen appears in one of the many stories emphasizing the grandeur of Solomon's court and his international reputation for extraordinary wisdom. The first-century Romano-Jewish scholar Josephus in Against Apion, citing Tyrian court records and Menander, gives a specific year during which King Hiram I of Tyre sent materials to Solomon for the construction of the Temple. Throughout Scripture (James 1:22-25) we learn that God appreciates the doer, but knowledge by itself is not enough to satisfy God. Leadership is a crucial aspect of society. He knows the result of these unequally yoked unions. Each and every case needed wisdom to deal with. Just like with Solomon and his sons, we have a choice. The name "Daniel" means " [the Jewish] God has judged.". [64], Little archaeological excavation has been done around the area known as the Temple Mount, in what is thought to be the foundation of Solomon's Temple, because attempts to do so are met with protests by the Muslim authorities.[73][74]. Now, O Lord God, Your promise to my father David is fulfilled, for You have made me king over a people as numerous as the dust of the earth. He went with the very best wood imported from another country and paid for with Israels finest goods. Stories from the Thousand and One Nights. The authors suggested that trade routes with South Asia existed much earlier than previously thought. Even the very most dedicated believer can backslide and drift away from God. In addition, he was responsible for many other cultural and architectural achievements, which drew visitors from far and wide. From James 1:5, we know that the one who asks God for wisdom will be answered. "Jebus, the City of David, and Jerusalem: Jerusalem from the Iron. Current consensus states that regardless of whether or not a man named Solomon truly reigned as king over the Judean hills in the tenth century BCE, the Biblical descriptions of his apparent empire's lavishness is almost surely an anachronistic exaggeration. God referred to him as Jedidiah which means "beloved of Jehovah" (2Samuel 12:25). Like with Solomon, this process includes many compromises and bad choices. This wisdom is compiled into a poem entitled "The Wife of Noble Character . Solomon declared the woman who showed compassion to be the true mother, entitled to the whole child. 2. [12], The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are derived from biblical chronology and are set from about 970 to 931 BCE. [b], Some classical-era Rabbis, attacking Solomon's moral character, have claimed instead that the child was an ancestor of Nebuchadnezzar II, who destroyed Solomon's temple some 300 years later. If you're wondering where all these decisions led Solomon, just turn the page to 1 Kings chapter 11. In mostly non-biblical circles, Solomon also came to be known as a magician and an exorcist, with numerous amulets and medallion seals dating from the Hellenistic period invoking his name. [62], Kenneth Kitchen argues that Solomon ruled over a comparatively wealthy "mini-empire", rather than a small city-state, and considers 666 gold talents a modest amount of money. For an extensive look at the issue of dating unbelievers please see our study on this at: https://studyandobey.com/inductive-bible-study/should-believers-date-unbelievers/. Samson's character demonstrates that in the bible, heroic potential is gauged not by human excellence but by faith in God. Bible, the sacred scriptures of Judaism and Christianity. Trying to please many women would turn the kings heart away from the Lord and distract him from the work God had for him to do in his family and country. If we disobey God and turn away from Him like Solomon did, the consequences of this will not be worth whatever the short term enjoyment from the sin is. There are many professing believers who are very passionate and enthusiastic, but end up turning away from God. "The Sharon and the Yarkon Basin in the Tenth Century BCE: Ecology, Settlement Patterns and Political Involvement". Near the end of his life, Solomon was beset by several enemies, including Hadad of Edom, Rezon of Zobah, and his own official Jeroboam of the tribe of Ephraim. The biblical passages that understand Tarshish as a source of King Solomon's great wealth in metalsespecially silver, but also gold, tin and iron (Ezekiel 27)were linked to archaeological evidence from silver-hoards found in Phoenicia in 2013. Meaning of name:The name Solomon is a variant of Shalom, which means peaceful. . They generally end in the believer either outright rejecting God or slowly turning away from God by growing cold and giving into various temptations one by one. David's son and the third king of Israel. (1 Kings 2:45). Solomon's wisdom was greater than the wisdom of all the people of the East, . As the heir of the throne, Solomon was confirmed in the line of the Davidic Covenant. 3. However, I will not tear away all the kingdom, but I will give one tribe to your son, for the sake of David my servant and for the sake of Jerusalem that I have chosen. Throughout his entire life, David loved God deeply and passionately. The biblical narrative notes with disapproval that Solomon permitted his foreign wives to import their national deities, building temples to Ashtoreth and Milcom. After the completion of the temple, Solomon is described in the biblical narrative as erecting many other buildings of importance in Jerusalem. 'So he smiled, amused at her speech; and he said: 'O my Rabb (Arabic: , Lord)! Solomons mistake was that he continued worshiping God in these high places even after he built the temple. Earlier historians maintain that there is evidence that these passages in Kings are derived from official court records at the time of Solomon and from other writings of that time that were incorporated into the canonical books of Kings. [citation needed]. The throne then passed to the Persians, whose king Darius was the first to sit successfully on Solomon's throne after his death; subsequently the throne came into the possession of the Greeks and Ahasuerus. It was not Solomon who disbelieved, but it was the devils who disbelieved. In mostly non-biblical circles, Solomon also came to be known as a magician and an exorcist, with numerous amulets and medallion seals dating from the Hellenistic period invoking his name. Nowadays many rich people gather together and brag about their financial successes. May God bless you. word shalom, and means "peace" or . [11] Biblical account [ edit] The life of Solomon is primarily described in 2 Samuel, 1 Kings and 2 Chronicles. What different elements can we see in his prayer? She occupied an influential position as the queen mother. After Solomon's death, Pharaoh Shishak, when taking away the treasures of the Temple (I Kings xiv. He would reside at this temple if they would serve Him faithfully. Solomon was promised wisdom, riches, honor, and long life if he would continue in righteousness before the Lord. [76][77][78] More recent scholars believe that passages such as these in the Books of Kings were not written by the same authors who wrote the rest of the text, instead probably by the Deuteronomist. 1. It is simply the consequences of sin. Solomon cared about training his children He wrote the book of Proverbs for his sons (Proverbs 4:1-4.) For the sake of David, God would put off judgment on Solomon's house until after his death. He gathered multitudes of horses and chariots from as far as Egypt, and as Deuteronomy 17 warns, took Israel back to Egypt in spirit. Other magical items attributed to Solomon are his key and his Table. Grabbe, Lester L. 2016. Do not offer any excuses. [99] He also mentions Solomon in the Tablet of Wisdom, where he is depicted as a contemporary of Pythagoras.[100]. Scholars disagree on exactly how it should be understood and exactly who is saying what. [50][51][52][53][54], Historical evidence of King Solomon other than the biblical accounts has been so minimal that some scholars have understood the period of his reign as a 'Dark Age' (Muhly 1998). Throughout the whole story of Solomons life, interjections about his great wisdom are made. He ordered the demons to climb to the roof and see if they could discover any living being within the building but they found only an eagle, which said that it was 700 years old, but that it had never seen an entrance. Since the bottle was sealed with Solomon's seal, the genie was helpless to free himself, until he was freed many centuries later by a fisherman who discovered the bottle. [71] William G. Dever argues that Solomon only reigned over Israel and did build a temple, but that descriptions of his lavishness and the other conquests are strongly exaggerated. He was completely sincere in his request. On the Art of Medieval Arabic Literature. More archaeological success has been achieved with the major cities Solomon is said to have strengthened or rebuilt, for example, Hazor, Megiddo and Gezer. It's an exchange of love notes. order a paperback version of the Character Studies book from Amazon. The earliest traditions about his reign, concentrated in 1 Kings and in modified form in 1-2 Chronicles, portray him as a builder and organizer of a state who consolidated the gains of his father David. Because Solomon did disobey God, God took the kingdom from Him. 10. Solomon then ordered the jinn to create a depilatory for the queen. Secondly, his father had many wives and many children. If we pray in Jesus name, He will answer. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, T and T Clark. According to these, there were on the steps of the throne twelve golden lions, each facing a golden eagle. Quart. According to the biblical account, Solomon had 700 wives and 300 concubines. 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